Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by protein synthesis and preparation for DNA replication?

• A. S phase
• B. G2 phase
• C. M phase
• D. G1 phase

Answer: (D)

The stage of the cell cycle characterized by protein synthesis and preparation for DNA replication is the G1 phase. During this phase, the cell is actively growing and synthesizing proteins that are essential for cell division. It is the period following mitosis (M phase) and before the synthesis phase (S phase). The G1 phase is crucial for the production of enzymes and other proteins necessary for DNA replication and subsequent cell division.

In G1, the cell also performs routine metabolic activities and prepares the necessary components that will be utilized in the S phase when DNA replication occurs. This preparation includes the accumulation of nucleotides and the synthesis of enzymes that are crucial for the replication process. Thus, G1 phase plays a vital role in ensuring that the cell is ready for the accurate duplication of its genetic material before division.